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Optical Communications OBJECTIVES The student will be introduced to the functionality of each of the components that comprise a fiber-optic communication system • the properties of optical fiber that affect the performance of a communication link and types of fiber materials with their properties and the losses occur in fibers. • the principles of single and multi-mode optical fibers and their characteristics • working of semiconductor lasers, and differentiate between direct modulation and external electro-optic modulation. • Analyze the operation of LEDs, laser diodes, and PIN photo detectors (spectral properties, bandwidth, and circuits) and apply in optical systems. • Analyze and design optical communication and fiber optic sensor systems. • the models of analog and digital receivers. CO1: Should be able to review the propagation of light in various fibers, operation of optical transmitter and receiver, Concepts of Fiber optic networks. CO2: Analyze the channel impairment

Answer the following questions 1 to 6 Program: 2100 H contents 42 H 2101 H contents 46 H LHLD 2100 XCHG HLT 1. What is the content of H Register before XCHG? 2. What is the content of L Register before XCHG? 3. What is the content of accumulator? 4. What is the content of D Register after the program is executed? 5. What is the content of DE pair at the end? 6. What is the content of HL pair after the program is executed? For questions 7 to 9 refer the following program MVI A,85 H XRA A DAA HLT 7. The content of accumulator at the end is______________ 8. If XRA A is replaced by ORA A then the content of accumulator _____ 9. If DAA is replaced by ORA A then the content of accumulator will be given by__

T. Venkateswara Rao Seminar On Detection of Adulteration of Edible Oils Using Optical Fibers 1.Introduction The development of an intensity modulated fiber optic Evanescent Wave sensor for the detection of the amounts of adulteration of oils like pure ground nut oil and coconut oil is presented. Technology advancement has taken place in the recent years in the fabrication and use of optical fibers as a sensing element. Optical fiber sensors act as transducers that encode information, which describes non optical external perturbation onto an optical fiber. The INTENSITY based Optical fiber sensors are the most basic type of sensors which can be realized with ease. Groundnut oil in A.P, and Coconut oil in Kerala and the southern parts if Karnataka and Tamilnadu are widely used as edible oils. These oils very much prone to adulteration due to many reasons. The use of Optical fiber sensors for detection of contamination in the above oils is present work using optical fibers. The most com